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Jiangxi

Coordinates: 27°18′N 116°00′E / 27.3°N 116.0°E / 27.3; 116.0
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For other places with the same name, see Jiangxi (disambiguation).

Jiangxi
江西
Province
Name transcription(s)
 • Chinese江西省 (Jiāngxī Shěng)
 • AbbreviationJX / 赣 (pinyin: Gàn; Gan Chinese: Kōm)
 • GanKongsi
 • Hakka PinyimGong1 Si1 Sen3
Mount Lu
Mount Lu
Map showing the location of Jiangxi Province
Map showing the location of Jiangxi Province
Coordinates: 27°18′N 116°00′E / 27.3°N 116.0°E / 27.3; 116.0
CountryChina
Named forShort for Jiangnanxi Circuit (江南西道)
CapitalNanchang
Largest CityGanzhou
Divisions11 prefectures, 99 counties, 1549 townships
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyJiangxi Provincial People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryYin Hong
 • Congress chairmanYin Hong
 • GovernorYe Jianchun
 • CPPCC chairmanvacant
 • National People's Congress Representation80 deputies
Area
 • Total
166,919 km2 (64,448 sq mi)
 • Rank18th
Highest elevation
(Mt. Huanggang)
2,158 m (7,080 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total
45,188,635
 • Rank13th
 • Density270/km2 (700/sq mi)
  • Rank16th
Demographics
 • Ethnic compositionHan – 99.7%
She – 0.2%
 • Languages and dialectsGan, Hakka, Huizhou, Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin
GDP (2023)[2]
 • TotalCN¥ 3,220 billion (15th)
US$ 457 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 71,216 (21th)
US$ 10,106
ISO 3166 codeCN-JX
HDI (2022)0.768[3] (19th) – high
Websitejiangxi.gov.cn
Jiangxi
"Jiangxi" in Chinese characters
Chinese江西
GanKong si
PostalKiangsi
Literal meaning"Western Jiang[nan]"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJiāngxī
Bopomofoㄐㄧㄤ   ㄒㄧ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhJiangshi
Wade–GilesChiang1-hsi1
IPA[tɕjáŋ.ɕí]
Wu
Romanization[Kaon平si平] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 10) (help)
Gan
RomanizationKong si
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationGōng-sāi
JyutpingGong1-sai1
IPA[kɔŋ˥.sɐj˥]
Southern Min
Tâi-lôKang-sai

Jiangxi[a] is an inland province of East China. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest.[6] Major cities include its capital Nanchang, and Jiujiang.

The name "Jiangxi" is derived from the circuit administrated under the Tang dynasty in 733, Jiangnanxidao.[b] The abbreviation for Jiangxi is "赣",[c] for the Gan River which runs across from the south to the north and flows into the Yangtze River. Jiangxi is also alternately called Ganpo Dadi[d] which literally means the "Great Land of Gan and Po".

After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the Chinese Communist Party. The Nanchang Uprising took place in Jiangxi on 1 August, 1927, beginning the Chinese Civil War. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic's government was established in Ruijin, which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital",[e] or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the Long March to Yan'an.

The southern half of Jiangxi is hilly and mountainous, with ranges and valleys interspersed; notable mountains and mountain ranges include Mount Lu, the Jinggang Mountains and Mount Sanqing. The northern half is comparatively lower in altitude. The Gan River flows through the province.

Although the majority of Jiangxi's population is Han Chinese, Jiangxi is linguistically diverse. It is considered the center of Gan Chinese; Hakka Chinese is also spoken to some degree. Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum, niobium and lithium.[8]

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Jiangxi

Jiangxi is centered on the Gan River valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the North China Plain and the Yangtze River valley in the north and the territory of modern Guangdong province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.

Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang dynasty (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the Baiyue inhabited the region. During the Spring and Autumn period, the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of Wu. After Wu was conquered by the state of Yue (a power based in modern northern Zhejiang) in 473 BC, the state of Chu (based in modern Hubei) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when Qin conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandery situated in Shouchun (壽春).[9] However the commandery was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls.

Yuzhang Commandery (豫章, Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the Han dynasty, possibly before the death of Xiang Yu in 202 BC, and it was also the first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River (豫章江, Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin,[citation needed] and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.

Under the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to Yangzhou Province, as part of a trend to establish provinces (zhou) all across China. In 291 AD, during the Western Jin dynasty, Jiangxi became its own Zhou called Jiangzhou (江州, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of zhou slowly grew.

During the Sui dynasty, there were seven commanderies and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the Tang dynasty, another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming zhou (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").

Circuits were established during the Tang dynasty as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the Jiangnan Circuit (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called Jiangnanxi Circuit (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".

The Tang dynasty collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Jiangxi first belonged to Wu (吳, Gan: Ng), then to Southern Tang (南唐, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day Nanjing, further down the Yangtze River.

During the Song dynasty, Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).

During the Yuan dynasty, the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern Guangdong. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the Ming dynasty after Guangdong was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.

After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the Communists and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The Nanchang Uprising took place in Jiangxi on 1 August, 1927, during the Chinese Civil War. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic's government was established in Ruijin, which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" (红色故都, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the Long March to Yan'an.

From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936.

In 1936, after the opening of the Yuehan Railway in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port (九江港) began to decline in importance.

Following the Doolittle Raid during World War II, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.[10]

Jiangxi came under the full control of the CCP upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Republican provincial government was evacuated to Taichung in Taiwan Province before dissolving itself that same year.[11]

Geography

[edit]
Jiangxi in 1936
Nanchang City
Xinyu City
Pingxiang City

Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the Mufu Mountains, Jiuling Mountains, and Luoxiao Mountains on the west; Huaiyu Mountains and Wuyi Mountains on the east; and the Jiulian Mountains (九连山) and Dayu Mountains in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is Mount Huanggang (黄岗山) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with Fujian. It has an altitude of 2,157 metres (7,077 ft).

The Gan River dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters Lake Poyang in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the Yangtze River, which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important reservoirs include the Xiushui Tuolin Reservoir in the northwest of the province on the Xiushui River, and the Wan'an Reservoir(zh) in the upper section of the Gan.

Jiangxi has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa under the Köppen climate classification), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about 3 to 9 °C (37 to 48 °F) in January and 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F) in July. Annual precipitation is 1,200 to 1,900 millimetres (47 to 75 in), much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer.

Nanchang, the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese metropolises. Nanchang is the hub of Jiangxi civilization throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields.[12] Ganzhou is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi.

Major cities in Jiangxi include:

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Main articles: List of administrative divisions of Jiangxi and List of township-level divisions of Jiangxi

Jiangxi is divided into eleven prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities:

Administrative divisions of Jiangxi
Division code[13] Division Area in km2[14] Population 2020[15] Seat Divisions[16]
Districts Counties CL cities
360000 Jiangxi Province 166,900.00 45,188,635 Nanchang city 27 61 12
360100 Nanchang city 7,432.18 6,255,007 Donghu District 6 3
360200 Jingdezhen city 5,256.23 1,618,979 Changjiang District 2 1 1
360300 Pingxiang city 3,823.99 1,804,805 Anyuan District 2 3
360400 Jiujiang city 18,796.79 4,600,276 Xunyang District 3 7 3
360500 Xinyu city 3,177.68 1,202,499 Yushui District 1 1
360600 Yingtan city 3,556.74 1,154,223 Yuehu District 2 1
360700 Ganzhou city 39,317.14 8,970,014 Zhanggong District 3 13 2
360800 Ji'an city 25,283.80 4,469,176 Jizhou District 2 10 1
360900 Yichun city 18,637.67 5,007,702 Yuanzhou District 1 6 3
361000 Fuzhou city 18,811.12 3,614,866 Linchuan District 2 9
361100 Shangrao city 22,826.04 6,491,088 Xinzhou District 3 8 1

These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 100 county-level divisions (27 districts, 12 county-level cities, and 61 counties). Those in turn are divided into 1566 township-level divisions (830 towns, 560 townships, 8 ethnic townships, and 168 subdistricts).

See List of administrative divisions of Jiangxi for a complete list of county-level divisions.

Urban areas

[edit]
Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
# City Urban area[17] District area[17] City proper[17] Census date
1 Nanchang[f] 2,223,661 2,357,839 5,042,566 2010-11-01
(1) Nanchang (new district)[f] 390,719 795,412 see Nanchang 2010-11-01
2 Pingxiang 716,229 893,550 1,854,515 2010-11-01
3 Jiujiang[g] 611,321 704,986 4,728,778 2010-11-01
(3) Jiujiang (new district)[g] 93,035 159,909 see Jiujiang 2010-11-01
4 Ganzhou[h] 605,231 642,653 8,368,447 2010-11-01
(4) Ganzhou (new districts)[h] 430,680 1,334,600 see Ganzhou 2010-11-01
5 Xinyu 567,820 839,488 1,138,874 2010-11-01
6 Fuzhou[i] 482,940 1,089,888 3,912,307 2010-11-01
(6) Fuzhou (new district)[i] 169,404 438,319 see Fuzhou 2010-11-01
7 Yichun 461,817 1,045,952 5,419,591 2010-11-01
8 Jingdezhen 430,084 473,561 1,587,477 2010-11-01
9 Fengcheng 379,914 1,336,392 see Yichun 2010-11-01
10 Ji'an 328,318 538,699 4,810,339 2010-11-01
11 Shangrao[j] 298,975 416,219 6,579,747 2010-11-01
(11) Shangrao (new district)[j] 392,302 752,953 see Shangrao 2010-11-01
12 Gao'an 295,507 811,633 see Yichun 2010-11-01
13 Leping 286,351 810,353 see Jingdezhen 2010-11-01
14 Ruijin 216,229 618,885 see Ganzhou 2010-11-01
15 Guixi 210,319 558,451 see Yingtan 2010-11-01
16 Yingtan[k] 191,893 214,229 1,125,156 2010-11-01
(16) Yingtan (new district)[k] 131,470 352,476 see Yingtan 2010-11-01
17 Zhangshu 188,586 555,120 see Yichun 2010-11-01
18 Ruichang 150,531 419,047 see Jiujiang 2010-11-01
19 Dexing 148,565 293,201 see Shangrao 2010-11-01
(20) Gongqingcheng[l] 118,986 118,986 see Jiujiang 2010-11-01
(21) Lushan[m] 101,630 245,526 see Jiujiang 2010-11-01
22 Jinggangshan 86,673 152,310 see Ji'an 2010-11-01
  1. ^ /dʒæŋˈʃiː, dʒiɒŋ-/;[4] 江西ⓘ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi[5]
  2. ^ 江南西道; 'Circuit of Western Jiangnan'; Gan: Kongnomsitau[7]
  3. ^ pinyin: Gàn; Gan: Gōm
  4. ^ 贛鄱大地
  5. ^ 红色故都, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu
  6. ^ a b New district established after census: Xinjian (Xinjian County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  7. ^ a b New district established after census: Chaisang (Jiujiang County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  8. ^ a b New districts established after census: Nankang (Nankang CLC), Ganxian (Ganxian County). These new districts not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  9. ^ a b New district established after census: Dongxiang (Dongxiang County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  10. ^ a b New district established after census: Guangfeng (Guangfeng County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  11. ^ a b New district established after census: Yujiang (Yujiang County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  12. ^ Gongqingcheng CLC was established by splitting from parts of De'an County after census.
  13. ^ Xingzi County is currently known as Lushan CLC after census.
 
 
Most populous cities in Jiangxi
Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population[18]
Rank Pop. Rank Pop.
Nanchang
Nanchang
Ganzhou
Ganzhou 		1 Nanchang 2,824,000 11 Fengcheng 375,400 Fuzhou
Fuzhou
Jiujiang
Jiujiang
2 Ganzhou 1,790,000 12 Yingtan 305,300
3 Fuzhou 806,800 13 Ruijin 302,500
4 Jiujiang 774,900 14 Gao'an 268,700
5 Shangrao 752,200 15 Zhangshu 251,700
6 Yichun 700,000 16 Ruichang 220,600
7 Jingdezhen 535,400 17 Leping 172,900
8 Xinyu 485,300 18 Gongqingcheng 149,000
9 Ji'an 483,100 19 Guixi 145,000
10 Pingxiang 454,100 20 Dexing 83,300

Politics

[edit]
Main articles: Politics of Jiangxi and List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China

The Politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Jiangxi is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangxi CCP Party Chief".

Economy

[edit]

Jiangxi was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the Third Front campaign.[19]: 298 

Rice is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include cotton and rapeseed. Jiangxi is the leading producer of kumquats in China, particularly Suichuan County.[20]

Mining-related industries are a major part of Jiangxi's economy.[21]: 23 Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum, niobium, among others. Noted centers of mining include Dexing (copper) and Dayu County (tungsten).

It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.[22]

Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China.,[22] As of 2016 Jiangxi's nominal GDP was CNY 1.84 trillion or US$276.48 billion, and a per capita of CNY 40,400 or US$6,082.[23]

Historical GDP of Jiangxi Province for 1978 –present (SNA2008)[23]
(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as Int'l. dollar based on IMF WEO October 2017[24])
year GDP GDP per capita (GDPpc)
 based on mid-year population 		Reference index
GDP in millions real
growth
(%) 		GDPpc exchange rate
1 foreign currency
to CNY
CNY USD PPP
(Int'l$.) 		CNY USD PPP
(Int'l$.) 		USD 1 Int'l$. 1
(PPP)
2016 1,836,440 276,477 524,562 9.0 40,400 6082 11,540 6.6423 3.5009
2015 1,672,378 268,508 471,159 9.1 36,968 5935 10,415 6.2284 3.5495
2014 1,571,463 255,822 442,616 9.7 34,890 5680 9,827 6.1428 3.5504
2013 1,441,019 232,678 402,868 10.1 32,122 5187 8,980 6.1932 3.5769
2012 1,294,888 205,131 364,675 11.0 28,967 4589 8,158 6.3125 3.5508
2011 1,170,282 181,192 333,842 12.4 26,292 4071 7,500 6.4588 3.5055
2010 945,126 139,615 285,485 14.0 21,368 3156 6,454 6.7695 3.3106
2009 765,518 112,065 242,444 13.2 17,437 2553 5,522 6.8310 3.1575
2008 697,105 100,374 219,436 13.3 15,986 2302 5,032 6.9451 3.1768
2007 580,025 76,279 192,386 13.2 13,389 1761 4,441 7.6040 3.0149
2006 482,053 60,470 167,513 12.3 11,197 1405 3,891 7.9718 2.8777
2005 405,676 49,523 141,894 12.9 9,478 1157 3,315 8.1917 2.8590
2000 200,307 24,196 73,661 8.0 4851 586 1,784 8.2784 2.7193
1995 116,973 14,007 42,857 6.8 2896 347 1,061 8.3510 2.7294
1990 42,862 8,961 25,174 4.5 1134 237 666 4.7832 1.7026
1985 20,789 7,079 14,831 14.8 597 203 426 2.9366 1.4017
1980 11,115 7,418 7,432 4.2 342 228 229 1.4984 1.4955
1978 8,700 5,595 13.3 276 177 1.5550

Economic and technological development zones

[edit]
  • Nanchang Export Processing Zone

Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in Nanchang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) and now has built 0.31 km2 (0.12 sq mi). It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances, and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ.[25]

  • Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of 231 km2 (89 sq mi), in which 32 km2 (12 sq mi) have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area.[26]

  • Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone[27]
  • Jiujiang Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone[28]
  • Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone[29]
  • Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone[30]

Demographics

[edit]
She ethnic townships in Jiangxi

The population of Jiangxi is approximately 39.66 million.[31] 99.73% of that is Han Chinese, predominantly Gan and Hakka. Ganzhou, Jiangxi's largest city, has an especially large number of Hakka. Ethnic minorities include She.

Jiangxi and Henan both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009 British Medical Journal study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group.[32]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912[33] 23,988,000—    
1928[34] 20,323,000−15.3%
1936-37[35] 15,805,000−22.2%
1947[36] 12,507,000−20.9%
1954[37] 16,772,865+34.1%
YearPop.±%
1964[38] 21,068,019+25.6%
1982[39] 33,184,827+57.5%
1990[40] 37,710,281+13.6%
2000[41] 40,397,598+7.1%
2010[42] 44,567,475+10.3%

In 2019 the most-common surname in Jiangxi was Liú (刘), the only province where this was the case. Overall Liu is the fourth-most common surname in the country.[43]

Religion

[edit]
See also: Christianity in Jiangxi

Religion in Jiangxi[44][note 1]

  Chinese folk religion (24.05%)
  Christianity (2.31%)
  Other religions or not religious people[note 2] (73.64%)

The predominant religions in Jiangxi are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 24.05% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration, while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian.[44]

The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects.

Culture

[edit]
Porcelain workshop in Jingdezhen.
Main article: Culture of Jiangxi

Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the Gan varieties of Chinese, spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the Nanchang dialect, Yichun dialect and Ji'an dialect. The southern one-third of the province speaks Hakka. There are also Mandarin, Huizhou, and Wu dialects spoken along the northern border.

Ganju (Jiangxi opera) is the type of Chinese opera performed in Jiangxi.

Although little known outside of the province, Jiangxi cuisine is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of chili peppers and especially pickled and fermented products.

Jingdezhen is widely regarded as the producer of the best porcelain in China.[45]

Jiangxi also was a historical center of Chan Buddhism.

Prominent examples of Hakka architecture can be found in Jiangxi.

Transportation

[edit]

As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two Yangtze River crossings, both in Jiujiang.[needs update]

Rail

[edit]

The Beijing–Kowloon Railway and Shanghai–Kunming Railway crisscross the province and intersect at Nanchang, which also has a high-speed rail link to Jiujiang. In addition, Jiangxi is connected by rail to Anhui Province via the Anhui–Jiangxi and Tongling–Jiujiang Railways; to Hubei via the Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway; and to Fujian via the Yingtan–Xiamen, Hengfeng–Nanping, Ganzhou–Longyan and Xiangtang–Putian Railways.

Tourism

[edit]
The mountain peaks of Mount Lu National Park.

There are several famous mountains in Jiangxi Province, including Mount Lu in Jiujiang, Mount jinggang at the border of Jiangxi province and Hunan province, Mount Sanqing in Yushan county.

Near the northern port city of Jiujiang lies the well-known resort area of Mount Lu. Also near the city is the Donglin Temple, an important Buddhist temple in china.

Near the small city of Yingtan is the resort area of Longhushan, which purports to be the birthplace of Taoism and hence has great symbolic value to Taoists. The region has many temples, cave complexes, mountains and villages.

The Mount Lu National Park has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996.

Kuling located on the top of Mount Lu is a summer resort developed by European in the 19th century. There were 3000 European living in Kuling, Mount Lu, Jiujiang in summer time in 1920s.

In 2007, Jiangxi (specifically the Mount Lu West Sea, located in Jiujiang) was the filming location for the fifteenth series of the American TV show Survivor.

Flora and fauna

[edit]

The mountainous terrain and large forest coverage of Jiangxi has made it historically one of the more wild places of central China. South China tigers have been seen as recently as fifteen or twenty years ago and projects are underway to document evidence of existing tigers, if there are any. Several mountain areas along the northern border with Hunan and Hubei are potential sites for "wilderness" preserves specifically for protecting or even reintroducing tigers.

Other wildlife, though not plentiful, are more numerous in Jiangxi than in many other developed areas of China. Numerous species of birds are common, especially around the marshes of Lake Poyang in the north. Though protected, mammals such as muntjac, wild boar, civet cats, and pangolins, are still common enough that they'll even occasionally be seen in markets for sale as game meat, or possibly even in a forest.

The late Paleocene mesonychid, Jiangxia chaotoensis was found in the province, and named after it.

Education

[edit]

Colleges and universities

[edit]
Main article: List of universities and colleges in Jiangxi

List of colleges and universities in Jiangxi:

Sister provinces

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)[44] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.
  2. ^ This may include:

References

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  2. ^ "National Data". China NBS. March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.; see also "zh: 2023年江西省国民经济和社会发展统计公报". jiangxi.gov.cn. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
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  8. ^ "China's lithium mining likely to face more scrutiny". Reuters. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
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  15. ^ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
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  17. ^ a b c 中国2010年人口普查分县资料. Compiled by 国务院人口普查办公室 [Department of Population Census of the State Council], 国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 [Department of Population and Social Science and Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics]. Beijing: China Statistics Print. 2012. ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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  20. ^ Zhonghua quan guo min zhu fu nü lian he hui (1988). Chung-kuo fu nü. Foreign Language Press. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  21. ^ Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-04898-9.
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  23. ^ a b Historical GDP of Jiangxi Province published on Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook 2017, ALSO see Jiangxi GDP Revision (Chinese) Archived 2017-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Purchasing power parity (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to IMF WEO (October 2017) data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on China Statistical Yearbook.
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  30. ^ "九江共青城国家高新技术产业开发区". Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
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  32. ^ Zhu, W. X.; Lu, L.; Hesketh, T. (2009). "China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey". BMJ. 338: b1211. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1211. PMC 2667570. PMID 19359290. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  33. ^ 1912年中国人口. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  34. ^ 1928年中国人口. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  35. ^ 1936-37年中国人口. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  36. ^ 1947年全国人口. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
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  39. ^ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.
  40. ^ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012.
  41. ^ 现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012.
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  43. ^ "新京报 - 好新闻，无止境".
  44. ^ a b c China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15) Archived 2015-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Jingdezhen: Where Emperors Got Their Porcelain - Caixin Global". www.caixinglobal.com. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  46. ^ ":: Notícias MS". Noticias.ms.gov.br. 23 October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  47. ^ Muguntan Vanar (21 April 2019). "Sabah and China's Jiangxi look to become 'sister provinces', says Shafie". The Star. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  48. ^ "Sabah, Jiangxi sign friendship pact". The Borneo Post. 22 April 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
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