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Wood County, Texas

Coordinates: 32°47′N 95°23′W / 32.78°N 95.38°W / 32.78; -95.38
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Wood County
County
The Wood County Courthouse in Quitman
The Wood County Courthouse in Quitman
Official seal of Wood County
Seal
Map of Texas highlighting Wood County
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 32°47′N 95°23′W / 32.78°N 95.38°W / 32.78; -95.38
Country United States
State Texas
Founded1850
Named forGeorge Tyler Wood
SeatQuitman
Largest cityMineola
Area
 • Total
695.719 sq mi (1,801.90 km2)
 • Land645.234 sq mi (1,671.15 km2)
 • Water50.484 sq mi (130.75 km2)  7.3%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
44,843
 • Density64/sq mi (25/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district5th
Websitewww.mywoodcounty.com

Wood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 44,843.[1] Its county seat is Quitman.[2] The county was named for George T. Wood, governor of Texas from 1847 to 1849.[3]

History

[edit]

The first documented European exploration of what is now Wood County took place in the late 18th century, when Pedro Vial,[3] was sent on expeditions by the Spanish governor of Texas.[4] After marching all the way to Santa Fe in 1787, he headed east to Natchitoches.[4] The following year, he passed through today's Wood County on his way back to San Antonio.[3] Some archeological evidence suggests that a French trading post stood along Mill Race Creek in the early 1700s near the site of the modern town of Hainsville.[5] The French may have build a military post called Fort Ledout near Black Oak in Wood County, but other than the archeological evidence, little is known about any possible French settlements.[5]

An important archeological discovery made by a hunting party in 1887, southeast of Hainsville and north of Bromley, suggests that Native Americans may have engaged in a battle either between different tribes or with the Spanish. Despite finding many relics, including a cross, tomahawk pieces, a Spanish coin, and several broken muskets, no written record of any such encounter has been found.[6] Some Spanish and Mexican land grants were issued in the area, but settlement was sparse until after the Texas Revolution. The first White settler was Martin Varner. He built his home near the southeast side of what is now Hainsville at least by 1824. The first organized settlement was at Webster in 1845.[3]

In 1850, after Texas was annexed to the United States, the Legislature authorized the forming of the county from Van Zandt County.[3] In 1849, residents of what was then Van Zandt County north of the Sabine River, petitioned the legislature for the county to be reorganized. Reasons included that the majority of the population lived north of the river, and that travel to Jordan's Saline, then the county seat, was difficult in winter. Wood County was created and Van Zandt was reorganized with territory from adjacent counties.[7]

Early industry

[edit]

Early industry included a number of sawmills, gristmills, steam mills, and cotton gins. A jug factory operated north of the Big Sandy Creek in the 1850s. A second jug factory was built some years later near Holly Creek. Two brick kilns are known to have been located in the area of Winnsboro. Wigley Furniture Company began operating in Mineola in 1874. A cane and rawhide-bottom chair factory opened in 1886. Tie-cutting became a major industry in the county in the 1870s with the coming of the railroads.[8] Pine Mills, Perryville, Ogburn, Merrimac, Peach, and Fouke got their start as sawmill towns.[8]

Civil War era

[edit]

Wood County had only 17 slaves by 1850, but that number ballooned 10 years later to 923, estimated at 20% of the population.[3] Wood County voted for secession by a 70% majority. The two delegates to the Secession Convention, though, both opposed secession.[3]

The first soldiers raised for the Confederacy in Wood County were Company A, 10th Texas Cavalry Regiment.[8] A training ground called Camp Flournoy was established east of Quitman. Another company called the Wood County Rebels was formed on August 5, 1861. They then requested active duty as cavalry.[8]

Coming of the railroads

[edit]

The Texas and Pacific Railroad came through the southern portion of the county in 1873 and formed a junction with the International and Great Northern Railroad at Sodom, which was later renamed Mineola, on a Longview-to-Dallas route. The railroads came to the northern portion of the county in 1876, when the East Line and Red River Railroad laid track from Jefferson to Greenville.[3] This segment later was absorbed by the Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas Railroad.[8] The Texas Shortline Railroad also ran between Alba and Grand Saline in Van Zandt County.[8]

Discovery of coal

[edit]

Coal was discovered in the Alba area in sometime before 1900. The operating mines were for lignite coal.[8]

Discovery of oil

[edit]

Oil was discovered in Wood County in 1941, and the county produced 25 million barrels (4.0 million cubic metres) of oil per year by 1948.[3] Developed oilfields in Wood County include the Pine Mills Oilfield and the Alba Oilfield.

Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 695.719 sq mi (1,801.903 km2), of which 645.234 sq mi (1,671.149 km2) are land and 50.484 sq mi (130.754 km2) (7.3%) are covered by water.[9]

Adjacent counties

[edit]

National protected areas

[edit]

Communities

[edit]

Municipalities and incorporated towns

[edit]

The following are municipalities and towns which are incorporated under the laws of the state of Texas, meaning they have elected governments and officially recognized municipal, town, or village governments.

Unincorporated settlements and towns

[edit]

The following are towns in Wood County, Texas which are not incorporated but recognized as active settlements through community centers, churches, and similar geographic, historic, and physical landmarks.

Small communities, ghost towns, and former settlements

[edit]

Wood County previously had a number of settlements. In 1884, there were 35 settlements in the county at which the Texas Legislature ordered schools to be established.[8]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18604,968—
18706,89438.8%
188011,21262.6%
189013,93224.3%
190021,04851.1%
191023,41711.3%
192027,70718.3%
193024,183−12.7%
194024,3600.7%
195021,308−12.5%
196017,653−17.2%
197018,5895.3%
198024,69732.9%
199029,38019.0%
200036,75225.1%
201041,96414.2%
202044,8436.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1850–2010[11] 2010[12] 2020[13]
Wood County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[14] Pop 2010[12] Pop 2020[13] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 31,848 35,628 35,906 86.66% 84.90% 80.07%
Black or African American alone (NH) 2,243 1,951 1,658 6.10% 4.65% 3.70%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 167 198 227 0.45% 0.47% 0.51%
Asian alone (NH) 69 156 230 0.19% 0.37% 0.51%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 8 12 1 0.02% 0.03% 0.00%
Other race alone (NH) 19 8 138 0.05% 0.02% 0.31%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 296 460 1,789 0.81% 1.10% 3.99%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2,102 3,551 4,894 5.72% 8.46% 10.91%
Total 36,752 41,964 44,843 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the census[15] of 2000, 36,752 people, 14,583 households, and 10,645 families were residing in the county. The population density was 56 inhabitants per square mile (22/km2). The 17,939 housing units averaged 28/sq mi (11/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 89.11% White, 6.12% African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 2.93% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. About 5.72% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

Of the 14,583 households, 26.70% had children under 18 living with them, 61.50% were married couples living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.00% were not families. About 24.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.20% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 2.85.

In the county, the age distribution was 21.80% under 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 22.90% from 25 to 44, 26.40% from 45 to 64, and 20.90% who were 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was US$32,885, and for a family was US$38,219. Males had a median income of US$30,558 versus US$20,209 for females. The per capita income for the county was US$17,702. About 10.80% of families and 14.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.50% of those under age 18 and 10.30% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

[edit]

Wood County includes the intersection of two major U.S. highways; US 69 and US 80 intersect in the city of Mineola's downtown area. Texas Highway 37 connects Mineola and Quitman off US 69.

Major highways

[edit]

Farm to market roads

[edit]

Wood County includes all or part of these Texas Farm To Market roads:

Railroads

[edit]

Wood County is currently served by Amtrak's Texas Eagle passenger railway line.[16] The railroad tracks which run through the southern portion of Wood County and through Mineola are currently owned and operated by Union Pacific.[17]

Airports

[edit]

Wood County is served by three airports, located in Mineola, Quitman, and Winnsboro:

Media

[edit]

Wood County is in the Tyler-Longview media market. It is currently served by two local newspapers, and daily newspapers and television stations from other parts of the East Texas area.

Newspapers

[edit]

Wood County has five newspapers published within its borders: Wood County Now, Wood County Monitor, Winnsboro News, Yantis Tymes, and The Community Chronicle. The Winnsboro News also serves Franklin County, as Winnsboro is split between the two counties.

Wood County Monitor

In August 2016, two of the county's longstanding newspaper operations, the Mineola Monitor and the Wood County Democrat, were merged by their owner, Bluebonnet Publishing.[22] Prior to that, the Mineola Monitor operated under its own masthead in Mineola, and the Wood County Democrat operated under its own masthead in Quitman. Staffing at the newspapers did not change, and the staffs of both newspapers were merged.[22]

Winnsboro News

The Winnsboro News, founded in 1908 (1908),[23] is a weekly newspaper in Winnsboro, serving Wood and Franklin Counties. In August 2003, the newspaper gained notoriety for publishing an editorial by publisher Tom Pendergast outing an LGBTQ couple living in the city.[24][25]

Wood County Now

In 2020, in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, a free news source available by social media and online was established. Owner Amanda Duncan originally created the social-media accounts to keep residents informed of the pandemic and rising case numbers, and to help showcase small businesses that were financially struggling. Within eight months, the news outlet grew to be the largest social-media and online news source in Wood County.

Radio stations

[edit]

Wood County is served by two local radio stations.

KWNS

KWNS is a Southern Gospel radio station located in Winnsboro.[26] It broadcasts at 104.7 FM.[26]

KMOO

KMOO is located in Mineola, broadcasting at 99.9 FM. The country music station is currently owned by Hightower Radio. The station was formerly operated by Sam Curry, its founder, who founded it in 1963.[27] Under Curry's tenure, the station was referred to by its ownership and on-air personalities as, "K M Double O," and on-air personalities were not allowed to call the station "KMOO," with the last three letters pronounced in a manner similar to a noise made by cattle. Curry sold the station in 1995 when he planned to embark on a race for Wood County judge as a Democrat, a race he ultimately lost.

Government

[edit]

Wood County is represented in the Texas House of Representatives by the Republican Bryan Hughes, a lawyer in Mineola and a native of Wood County. The county is split between two different U.S. congressional districts, the First and the Fifth Congressional Districts. Thus, the county is represented by Congressman Nathaniel Moran and Congressman Lance Gooden. The county is currently represented in the Texas Senate by Kevin Eltife.[28]

The current county judge is Lucy Hebron, elected in 2018.[29] As county judge, Hebron is both the county's chief administrator and judge of the constitutional county court, which handles misdemeanor cases.

In 2017, former Sheriff Jim Brown and former Chief Deputy Miles Tucker were arrested for various offenses stemming from a shooting incident over access to an oilfield lease.[30] Two of the felony charges were dismissed, however as of January 2020, four misdemeanor charges remain pending.[31]

Historic election results

[edit]

In spite of an increasing number of voters in every U.S. presidential election since 1992, the percentage of registered Wood County voters turning out to vote in presidential elections has fallen about 10% between 1992 and 2012.

United States presidential election results for Wood County, Texas[32]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 20,621 84.56% 3,618 14.84% 147 0.60%
2020 19,049 83.63% 3,509 15.40% 221 0.97%
2016 15,700 83.84% 2,630 14.04% 397 2.12%
2012 14,351 81.63% 3,056 17.38% 174 0.99%
2008 13,658 76.80% 4,010 22.55% 116 0.65%
2004 12,831 75.79% 4,034 23.83% 64 0.38%
2000 9,810 70.66% 3,893 28.04% 181 1.30%
1996 6,228 51.21% 4,711 38.74% 1,222 10.05%
1992 4,708 38.22% 4,084 33.15% 3,526 28.62%
1988 6,216 54.69% 4,553 40.06% 597 5.25%
1984 7,144 67.32% 3,449 32.50% 19 0.18%
1980 4,515 52.07% 4,033 46.51% 123 1.42%
1976 3,076 42.57% 4,107 56.84% 43 0.60%
1972 4,746 71.28% 1,842 27.67% 70 1.05%
1968 2,046 32.69% 2,192 35.02% 2,021 32.29%
1964 2,068 36.89% 3,528 62.93% 10 0.18%
1960 2,400 46.95% 2,633 51.51% 79 1.55%
1956 2,508 53.11% 2,199 46.57% 15 0.32%
1952 2,748 47.54% 3,026 52.35% 6 0.10%
1948 629 16.19% 2,590 66.67% 666 17.14%
1944 485 12.00% 3,045 75.35% 511 12.65%
1940 585 13.77% 3,659 86.11% 5 0.12%
1936 192 6.51% 2,751 93.25% 7 0.24%
1932 189 5.38% 3,308 94.08% 19 0.54%
1928 1,161 41.38% 1,645 58.62% 0 0.00%
1924 342 10.43% 2,806 85.55% 132 4.02%
1920 798 25.25% 1,643 51.99% 719 22.75%
1916 248 10.35% 1,719 71.77% 428 17.87%
1912 146 7.21% 1,441 71.16% 438 21.63%

Elections mapped by Precinct

[edit]
2024 Primary Results. All precincts were won by Donald Trump. The numbers denote total percentage of the votes awarded to Trump, not margin of victory.

2024

[edit]

Republican: Donald Trump won every precinct with total percentages of over 80%. Nikki Haley came in second in every precinct.

For more election results in Wood County, see this group of maps.

Education

[edit]

Early schools

[edit]

There were a number of so-called "subscription schools" in Wood County after 1854, when free public schools in Texas were on the rise due to legislative action. In 1852, a log schoolhouse in the western part of the county near Chaney Crossing on Lake Fork was built. By 1854, school was being taught in Quitman. By 1859, Quitman had three schools that required tuition to be paid.[8]

On January 8, 1884, the Texas legislature required the county to be divided into free public school districts. The school districts established by the legislature were Quitman, Lone Star, Myrtle Springs, Forest Hill, Cartwright, Caney, Rock Hill, Forest Home, Winnsboro, Chalybeate Springs, Spring Hill, Smyrna, Cold Springs, Shady Grove, Center Point, Pleasant Grove, Floyd's Common Ridge, Mount Pisgah, Liberty, Sand Springs, Fletcher, Pleasant Divide, Friendship, Lone Pint, Salem, Webster, Persimmon Grove, Cottonwood, Macedonia, Concord, New Hope, Dyess, Mount Enterprise, and "Albia" (Alba). Free school districts for African Americans were established at Quitman, Cedar Tree, Robinson's Chapel, Muddy Creek, Mount Zion, Tranquil, Center, Hawkins, Shiloh and "District 48" which encompassed all of the district west of Lake Fork.[8]

School districts

[edit]

Portions of the county are served by 11 separate independent school districts, serving students in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade:

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Jarvis Christian College is located in unincorporated Wood County, near Hawkins.

Culture

[edit]

Wood County is home to a number of historic and natural preservation sites, Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks, special districts, and cities and businesses with special designations from various national and state bodies.

Historic sites

[edit]
Main article: State and Nationally Designated Historic Sites and Buildings in Wood County, Texas

National Register listings

[edit]

See National Register of Historic Places in Wood County, Texas

Landmark districts

[edit]

Mineola Downtown Historic District

Main Street cities[33]

[edit]
  • Mineola
  • Winnsboro

Institutions and businesses with special state designations

[edit]

Texas Business Treasure Award recipients (Texas Historical Commission Designation)

[edit]
  • Broadway Barber Shop (Mineola)
  • Wisener Field (Mineola)
  • First National Bank of Winnsboro
  • R.H. McCrary Hardware (Winnsboro)[34]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Wood County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wood County from the Handbook of Texas Online (June 15, 2010). Retrieved 2020-11-19.
  4. ^ a b E., CHIPMAN, DONALD (June 15, 2010). "VIAL, PEDRO [PIERRE]". tshaonline.org. Retrieved October 30, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b "Wood County History". hlrgazette.com. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^ Woldert, Albert (1952). "Relics of Possible Indian Battle in Wood County, Texas". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 55 (4): 484–489. JSTOR 30237608 – via JSTOR.
  7. ^ "History of Van Zandt County Texas". vanzandttx.org. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wood County, 1850-1900. Quitman, Texas: Wood County Historical Society. 1976. pp. 7, 8, 19, 20, 32–33, 36.
  9. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  10. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  11. ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  12. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Wood County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  13. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Wood County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  14. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Wood County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  15. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  16. ^ "Amtrak's Texas Eagle | Mineola, TX". www.texaseagle.com. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  17. ^ "Texas 2016 Freight Railway Map" (PDF). ftp.dot.state.tx.us. Texas Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  18. ^ "Texas Airport Directory" (PDF). ftp.dot.state.tx.us. Texas Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  19. ^ "MINEOLA-WISENER FIELD AIRPORT". mineolawisener.com. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  20. ^ "AirportIQ 5010". gcr1.com. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  21. ^ "AirNav: F51 - Winnsboro Municipal Airport". www.airnav.com. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  22. ^ a b "Newspaper Merger". Wood County Monitor. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  23. ^ "Display Newspaper Details". Texas Press Association. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  24. ^ Grimes, Andrea (6 October 2005). "Over the Edge". Dallas Observer. Voice Media Group. ISSN 0732-0299. OCLC 7095491. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2021. Tom Pendergast, the editor and publisher of the local newspaper with a penchant for picking public fights. On August 21, 2003, Pendergast published a scathing editorial in the Winnsboro News titled "About Fully Informing the Citizens." The 500-word article condemned the couple's homosexual lifestyle as "despicable" and "disgusting." It would change everything for Bear and Carmichael, even Winnsboro itself; the days of peaceful coexistence were past.
  25. ^ Hood, James R. (2 November 2006). "Newspaper "Outing" Blamed for Innkeeper's Death - Gay innkeeper's friends say local paper was merciless". ConsumerAffairs. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 23 July 2021. Pendergast said he feels no responsibility for Bear's death...
  26. ^ a b "KWNS". Streema. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  27. ^ Jones, Lucille (1973). History of Mineola, Texas: "Gateway to the Pines". Quanah, Texas: Nortex Offset Publications, Inc. p. 125 – via University of North Texas Portal to Texas History.
  28. ^ "Who Represents Me—Districts By County". www.fyi.legis.state.tx.us. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  29. ^ "Wood County Texas". www.mywoodcounty.com.
  30. ^ Tucker, Larry (8 November 2017). "Former sheriff, chief deputy arrested". Wood County Monitor. OCLC 1097161696. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2021. Brown was indicted on two misdemeanor counts of official oppression with bonds issued for $1,500 on each count. The former sheriff was also indicted on a state felony charge of abuse of official capacity over $2,500 and under $30,000 with a $20,000 bond. The indictment claims "Wood County Sheriff, did with intent to harm another, John Winston Forrester, did unlawfully then and there intentionally and knowingly misuse government property, services, personnel and any other thing of value belonging to the government that had come into custody and possession of James Brown by virtue of James Brown's office and employment, by using the services of Officer Dustin Moffett and a Wood County Sheriff's vehicle to obstruct and prevent access by John Winston Forrester to a tract of property owned by James Brown, and the value of the use of the services and vehicle misused was $2,500 or more but less than $30,000." Tucker had more indictments added to those from two months ago when he was arrested on two counts of tampering with evidence and one count of official oppression. At that time he had bonds of $50,000 each on the tampering charges and $1,500 on the official oppression. Tucker faces a new charge of aggravated perjury, a third-degree felony and two new charges of class A official oppression, following indictments filed on Oct. 25. He further has a state felony charge of abuse of official capacity which had a $15,000 bond. Tucker turned himself in Wednesday. He allegedly broke several laws to arrest a person who had cut a lock to gain access to a well in which he had the rights to, then tried to cover up evidence afterward.
  31. ^ Bass, Gary (7 January 2020). "Judge dismisses abuse of official capacity charges against former Wood County sheriff". KLTV. Tyler, Texas. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021. A district judge has dismissed two felony abuse of official capacity charges that were filed against former Wood County Sheriff James "Jim" Arthur Brown in connection with a shooting incident that occurred adjacent to his property in November 2015. However, four misdemeanor official oppression charges filed against Brown are still pending, according to online judicial records.
  32. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  33. ^ "Texas Main Street Communities". www.google.com. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  34. ^ "Texas Treasure Businesses" (PDF). Texas Historical Commission. Texas Historical Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
[edit]
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32°47′N 95°23′W / 32.78°N 95.38°W / 32.78; -95.38

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